Faint lines are made by laid wires that run parallel to the axis of the dandy roll, and the bold lines are made by chain wires that run around the circumference to secure the laid wires to the roll from the outside. The dandy roll is a light roller covered by material similar to window screen that is embossed with a pattern. The invention of the dandy roll in 1826 by John Marshall revolutionised the watermark process and made it easier for producers to watermark their paper. Traditionally, a watermark was made by impressing a water-coated metal stamp onto the paper during manufacturing. In another instance, identifying codes can be encoded as a digital watermark for a music, video, picture, or other file.Ī perspective view of a dandy roll in accordance with the invention of a conventional paper-making machine incorporating watermarks into the paper.
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In one case, overprint on computer-printed output may be used to identify output from an unlicensed trial version of a program. The word is also used for digital practices that share similarities with physical watermarks. Various aids have been developed, such as watermark fluid that wets the paper without damaging it.Ī watermark is very useful in the examination of paper because it can be used for dating documents and artworks, identifying sizes, mill trademarks and locations, and determining the quality of a sheet of paper. Watermarks vary greatly in their visibility while some are obvious on casual inspection, others require some study to pick out. There are two main ways of producing watermarks in paper the dandy roll process, and the more complex cylinder mould process. Watermarks have been used on postage stamps, currency, and other government documents to discourage counterfeiting. A twenty euro banknote held against the light to show the watermark and the denomination.Ī watermark is an identifying image or pattern in paper that appears as various shades of lightness/darkness when viewed by transmitted light (or when viewed by reflected light, atop a dark background), caused by thickness or density variations in the paper.
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